SEJARAH NEGERI TERENGGANU
Sejarah Terengganu yang awal adalah tidak jelas. Namun begitu terdapat catatan mengenai Terengganu oleh saudagar Cina, Chao Ju Kua pada tahun 1225 yang menyebut sebagai jajahan takluk Palembang.
"Negarakartagama", tulisan Prapanca dari Jawa pada tahun 1365, menyatakan bahawa Terengganu, Paka dan Dungun di bawah taklukan Majapahit. Berdasarkan buktiarkeologi seperti kapak batu dan tembikar yang dijumpai di Gunung Bewah, terdapatmanusia tinggal di situ sejak 4000 SM. Pada Batu Bersurat Terengganu terdapat pula catatan nama Raja Mandalika. Seterusnya dalam sejarah Terengganu, terdapat pemerintahan bernama Megat Panji Alam dan juga Tun Telanai.
Terengganu kemudiannya disebut sebagai negeri di bawah pemerintahan kerajaanJohor. Pada ketika itu, dua orang pembesar Johor, Laksamana dan Paduka Megat Seri Rama, dihantar memerintah Terengganu. Seterusnya, Bendahara Hasan pula dihantar mentadbir Terengganu. Berikutnya, Terengganu ditadbir oleh Tun Zain Indera, kemudiannya, oleh anak Tun Zain Indera, Tun Yuan, Tun Sulaiman dan Tun Ismail; Tun Sulaiman sebagai sultan di Pantai Layang ( Balik Bukit ), Tun Yuan sebagai Bendahara dan Tun Ismail sebagai Menteri Tersat.
Pengasas Kesultanan Terengganu sekarang ialah Sultan Zainal Abidin I. Baginda yang juga dikenali dengan panggilan "Bendahara Padang Saujana" ialah putera Tun Habib Abdul Majid. Mengikut buku Tuhfat al-Nafis, karangan Raja Haji, Tun Zainal Abidin ditabalkan sebagai Sultan Terengganu oleh Daeng Menampuk atau Raja Tua di atas pemerintahan Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah. Sumber yang lain pula dinyatakan Tun Zainal Abidin ditabalkan di atas tahta Kerajaan Negeri Terengganu oleh Phra Chau Yang, Raja Pattani.
Mengikut hikayat Johor serta Pahang, Tun Zainal Abidin datang ke Pattani setelah Paduka Raja Laksamana Wan Abdul Rahman dibunuh di Terengganu disekitar 1688. Ketika berada di Pattani, Tun Zainal Abidin dijadikan anak angkat oleh Raja Pattani, Phra Nang Chau Yang.
Tun Zainal Abidin menjadi Sultan Terengganu pada tahun 1708. Ini berdasarkan duit kupang emas Terengganu yang mencatatkan nama Sultan Zainal Abidin dan tahun 1120 hijrah (bersamaan tahun 1708). Sultan Zainal Abidin I tidak lama bersemanyam diTanjung Baru, Kuala Berang, berpindah ke Kota Batang Mahang, ke Langgar dan kePulau Manis. Kemudian berpindah lagi ke Chabang Tiga, Kuala Terengganu dan akhirnya di kawasan berhampiran Bukit Keledang (kini dipanggil Kota Lama).
Sultan Mansur I digantikan oleh puteranya, Sultan Zainal Abidin II (1794–1808). Pada masa pemerintahan baginda, berlaku peperangan dengan Kelantan yang dipimpin oleh Long Mahammad Ibni Long Yunus, Raja Kelantan. Terengganu dikalahkan dan seterusnya Kelantan berjaya membebaskan diri daripada naungan Terengganu. Seterusnya takhta kerajaan Terengganu diduduki oleh beberapa sultan, termasuknya Baginda Omar.
Baginda Omar pernah menduduki takhta kerajaan Terengganu pada tahun 1831mengantikan Sultan Daud. Tetapi baginda diturunkan daripada takhta kerajaan oleh Tengku Mansur dan seterusnya sebagai Sultan Mansur II. Sultan Mansur II digantikan oleh putera baginda, Sultan Muhammad. Pada tahun 1839, Baginda Omar berjaya mengalahkan Sultan Muhammad dan seterusnya menduduki takhta kerajaan Terengganu. Ketika pemerintahan baginda, Terengganu berkembang maju.
Apabila Baginda Omar mangkat, takhta kerajaan Terengganu diduduki oleh Sultan Ahmad Shah II (1876–1881). Sultan Ahmad Shah pula digantikan oleh putera baginda, Sultan Zainal Abidin III (1881–1918). Ketika pemerintahan baginda, British beberapa kali cuba melibatkan diri dalam kerajaan Terengganu. Pada tahun 1911, Sultan Zainal Abidin III meluluskan "Undang-Undang Bagi Diri Kerajaan Negeri Terengganu" yang di antara lain menyatakan Sultan Yang DiPertuan Besar Terengganu memiliki kuasa kerajaan dan jajahan serta adalah ketua tertinggi kerajaan Terengganu. Seterusnya takhta kerajaan digantikan oleh Sultan Muhammad Shah II (1918–1920) dan Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah (1920–1942).
Menurut "Warta Chahaya Timor No. 38" bertarikh 29 September 1942, apabila Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah telah mangkat pada 26 September 1942, Tengku Ali, yang dirujuk sebagai putera sulung baginda telah dilantik sebagai "Pemangku Sultan Sementara" oleh pihak pentadbiran Jepun pada 29 September 1942. Seterusnya Tengku Ali telah diberikan gelaran "Sultan" pada 30 September 1942 oleh Syuckokanatau Gabenor Jepun. Walau bagaimanapun perlantikan ini dinyatakan tidak menurut "Undang-Undang Diri Bagi Negeri Terengganu" 1911.
Tengku Seri Paduka Raja, Tengku Ismail diisytiharkan sebagai Sultan Terengganu pada Ahad, 16 Disember 1945. Baginda seterusnya ditabalkan pada tahun 1949 dengan gelaran "Sultan Ismail Nasaruddin Shah". Sultan Ismail Nasaruddin dilantik sebagai Seri Paduka Baginda Yang DiPertuan Agong ke–6 dari 21 September 1965 hingga 20 September 1970. Dalam tempoh itu, Duli Yang Amat Mulia Tengku Mahmud dilantik sebagai Pemangku Raja Terengganu. Apabila Sultan Ismail Nasaruddin Shah mangkat pada tahun 1979, takhta kerajaan Terengganu digantikan oleh putera baginda, Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Yang Dipertuan Muda Tengku Mahmud. Baginda menduduki takhta kerajaan Terengganu dengan gelaran Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah. Sultan Mahmud mangkat pada 15 Mei 1998 di Singapura. Dengan itu, takhta kerajaan Terengganu digantikan oleh putera baginda, Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin.
Sumber : http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Terengganu
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